- Obama 'Hope' Poster: street art style, spoke to a new audience (youth), was accessible (social media), emotive.
- Ken Garland: his 'Nuclear Disbandment' posters. Questioned the norm, was brave and bold. Shows political design is not a new idea.
- 'Britain Stronger in Europe': failed to create and emotive experience. Was graphically very clean and pretty. Appealed to a young audience, used social media.
- Greenpeace Brexit Bus - used a different medium for protest, sent a clear message, was physical and had public interaction.
- Adbusters 'Corporate American Flag': replaced stars with corporate logos. Sent a clear message, was visually impactful. Protest without words/type.
- 'Slogans in nice typefaces won't save the human races' poster: bold and impactful, send a clear message. Popular on social media and with youth.
- Trump's 'Make America great again' baseball caps: relatable to his audience, different medium. Simple yet effective.
- Jeremy Corbyn Merchandise - Nike-lie 'swoosh' t-shirts: culturally appropriate and appealing to the young target audience, pop culture relevant. Used social media/emojis.
- 'Anonymous' Mask: iconic and memorable, easily adapted to different topics. Holds a deep and powerful message, is accessible to anyone. Popular on social media.
- Andy Warhol's' 'Vote McGovern': was very different and bold at the time, something new in political design, eye-catching and compelling.
Wednesday 31 October 2018
Tuesday 30 October 2018
'Poster Politics: Understanding the art of persuation' by CNN [online article]
https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/political-posters-oped/index.html
"posters remain one of the most effective and powerful tools for holding political leaders accountable"
"Official campaign posters tend to be graphically conservative and visually safe"
On 'Hope Poster - lots of copies.
"Despite the modern technology that facilitates such appropriation... countless numbers of posters are still being printed on paper"
"They will continue to be used... because people cannot raise up their computer monitors in a convention, carry them in a demonstration, plant them on their lawns, or paste them onto walls"
"As long as people have political opinions, printed posters and their unique forms of art are a fundamental tool to express them"
"posters remain one of the most effective and powerful tools for holding political leaders accountable"
"Official campaign posters tend to be graphically conservative and visually safe"
On 'Hope Poster - lots of copies.
"Despite the modern technology that facilitates such appropriation... countless numbers of posters are still being printed on paper"
"They will continue to be used... because people cannot raise up their computer monitors in a convention, carry them in a demonstration, plant them on their lawns, or paste them onto walls"
"As long as people have political opinions, printed posters and their unique forms of art are a fundamental tool to express them"
Saturday 27 October 2018
Cop Presentation & Feedback
Presentation Notes:
1. Research Question: How is graphic design utilised/manipulated?
2. Rationale: Can graphic design make a difference in politics? Can power be designed, are there ways, rules?
3. Theoretical Approaches: Ads affect different people in different ways. There are different approaches in doing this.
4. Theoretical Approaches: Media has a massive impact on politics. Eg General elections - 79% Telegraph readers voted Conservative, 73% Guardian readers voted Labour.
5. What I've Learnt: Social Media. Obamas Hope - first time social media came into play. Trump - all the stuff that mocks him just makes him more powerful.
6. What I've Learnt: Aesthetics. Clinto vs. Trump, Brexit vs. Remain - the unsuccessful campaigns had the nicer and cleaner designs, but they didn't speak as well to their audience, or the 'everyday' person. Trump had baseball caps, Brexit had Wetherspoons mats - things more favoured by their audience.
7. What I've Learnt: Persuation. Central Route makes a person think, has to be relevant to them and makes attitudes ironclad. Eg. Remain and Hillary. Peripheral Route is more default and temporary attitude changes, but just enough to win a vote/election. Uses simple persuation techniques and impressions. Eg. Trump and Brexit.
8. Resources: psychology books, advertising, relevant exhibition book.
9. Practical: unsure which route to take.
- Jeremy Corbyn, Cat Smith - Shadow Minister for Voter Engagement and Youth Affairs, Dawn Butler - Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities.
- Young People - so many did not vote, and those who did voted Labour.
- Campaigns - stop police cuts, safety is desired. Make tower block safe, I like in one. Protect free school meals, they're so expensive, my brother eats £20 per week (He's 11).
Feedback:
- Use social media to encourage voting. eg. stuff that's happening in the USA at the moment.
- Book: Graphic Agitation 1 and 2.
- Maybe your practical could be a false candidate/character that has 'power'.
- Think more closely about what 'role' graphic design plays in politics.
- 'Discourse Analysis' for analysing images/items/campaigns/visuals.
- What is the goal - is it 'power'? money?
- How does a left wing party engage their voters?
At this point I was very confused and completely unsure of what to do, with my essay and my practical. This was because my presentation and the feedback I received was not in my opinion very helpful, I had lost confidence and was not happy with my chosen research question. So I went to have another feedback session, a 1 on 1, to figure out my direction with this module. The feedback I got from that was...
Feedback 2:
- Look at how psychology is used to manipulate consumers within advertising, could help with a direction to take your essay.
- Move away from politics, and focus purely on the design of it.
- Look at how design is used to manipulate, look at emotions? Consumer actions/influence?
- Look at 'Ways of Seeing' by Joh Berger - speaks of visual communication.
- How do we perceive brands/adverts? And in the same way, politicians/campaigns?
- Explore how psychology is utilised to create persuasive advertising?
My second feedback session was far more helpful, because it gave me a clearer understanding of my research topic and really put me on the right direction. I decided to take the advice, and not think about the politics as much as the design of politics, and explore how those political designs affect audiences.
Revised Question:
Exploring how effective is the use of graphic design within political campaigns and protest?
Friday 26 October 2018
'Promotional Cultures' by Aeron Davis [Book]
On why people don't vote
"The power of global trends and institutions suggest that voting for national governments is futile" P137.
"Mass media have changed the organization of parties themselves and eroded the direct and local links between politicians and voters" P137.
"political parties across the globe have become transformed into 'electoral-professional' parties" P138
"Professionalization has involved changing organizational structures, new campaign methods and the employment of external experts, including many from the promotional professions" P138.
"While most observers are in agreement about the rise and institutionalization of political promotional culture, there is considerable debate as to whether it has strengthened or weakened representative democracy overall" P139.
Strengthened
"For practitioners such developments have... been beneficial in terms of improving dialogue and communication between citizens, politicians and institutions" P139.
"...using modern political marketing techniques has made parties more representative because they are more consultative and citizen-orientated in policy development" P139.
Politics has "...become more managerial, expert-led and responsive" P140.
"Government communication... has come to be more multi-directional and user-friendly in nature" P140
Weakened
"...the use of political promotion has never been about two-way communication, dialogue with citizens or an enhanced public sphere. Instead... it is about managing public opinion during elections or during difficult periods for the state" P140.
"Digital advances mean that there is vastly more government and local institutional information now available to ordinary citizens" P141.
"Information release is selective and specifically timed, either to be 'buried' or for achieving maximum coverage with a positive spin" P142.
"In effect, political parties and institutions have deployed promotional activity as much to restrict as to facilitate public communication and debate" P142.
In the UK...
"...political reporting is focused increasingly on political personalities, conflict and scandals and less on policy issues" P142.
"The power of global trends and institutions suggest that voting for national governments is futile" P137.
"Mass media have changed the organization of parties themselves and eroded the direct and local links between politicians and voters" P137.
"political parties across the globe have become transformed into 'electoral-professional' parties" P138
"Professionalization has involved changing organizational structures, new campaign methods and the employment of external experts, including many from the promotional professions" P138.
"While most observers are in agreement about the rise and institutionalization of political promotional culture, there is considerable debate as to whether it has strengthened or weakened representative democracy overall" P139.
Strengthened
"For practitioners such developments have... been beneficial in terms of improving dialogue and communication between citizens, politicians and institutions" P139.
"...using modern political marketing techniques has made parties more representative because they are more consultative and citizen-orientated in policy development" P139.
Politics has "...become more managerial, expert-led and responsive" P140.
"Government communication... has come to be more multi-directional and user-friendly in nature" P140
Weakened
"...the use of political promotion has never been about two-way communication, dialogue with citizens or an enhanced public sphere. Instead... it is about managing public opinion during elections or during difficult periods for the state" P140.
"Digital advances mean that there is vastly more government and local institutional information now available to ordinary citizens" P141.
"Information release is selective and specifically timed, either to be 'buried' or for achieving maximum coverage with a positive spin" P142.
"In effect, political parties and institutions have deployed promotional activity as much to restrict as to facilitate public communication and debate" P142.
In the UK...
"...political reporting is focused increasingly on political personalities, conflict and scandals and less on policy issues" P142.
Thursday 25 October 2018
'Consumer Psychology' by Catherine V. Jansson-Boyd [Book]
Theories to potentially apply:
Heuristics - subconscious 'rules of thumb' that consumers apply to reduce the effort in decision making. (because of friend? family? experience?)
Brand Loyalty - consumers repeatedly buy brand products (but only if they can see the brand logo - status? fulfilment?)
Consumer Memory - how people receive, store, organize, alter and recover information. (marketing - repetition, pictorial cues)
Perception and Attention - what kind of stimuli a customer notices. (can be linked to previous experiences? Gestalt theories - use of different senses)
Identity and Consumption - things that are bought because people believe they somehow represent who they are. Also, the creation and maintenance of identity.
Attitudes - why people have them, what functions they fill, how they've formed and altered. Also, how media can play a part in the formation and guidance of attitudes.
Advertising Psychology - factors known to influence audiences (vivid imagery, personal relevance, humour, sex, music, fear, shock, facts vs fiction, charity)
Motivation/Target Audience - why consumers choose certain products; Maslow's hierarchy of needs, importance of knowing the audience and positive reinforcement.
Advertising Psychology
"Vivid stimuli are something that 'stands out' from the rest of the advertisements" P97.
"they attract consumers' attention in an automatic and involuntary way" P97.
"Salient stimuli... are context dependant, so they may not 'grab' people's attention in all settings" P98.
"Nonetheless, provided the advertisement stands out from the environment in which it is placed, it can capture consumers' attention involuntarily" P98.
"Examples of salient stimuli may include increase in volume (TV), use of bright irregular shapes, and shift in brightness between two scenes" P98-99.
"Attitudes that are changed as a result of advertising exposure will vary in strength depending on how extensively the information in the ad was processed" P99.
The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) by Petty and Cacioppo (1986)
"The model supports the concept of a dual route perspective whereby one route will generate relatively strong and long-lasting attitude changes (Central Route) while the other generates relatively weak and temporary attitude changes (Peripheral Route)" P99.
"the more a person elaborates upon a message, the more likely they are to be persuaded by the message, provided they like what they hear or see" P99.
"How personally relevant the message generally determines which one of the two routes that will be followed" P99.
Central Route
"the likelihood of using the central route also depends on the consumers' motivation and ability to engage in processing" P99.
"if the message is important, [and personally relevant] should they feel some level of responsibility and whether or not they need to think more extensively about it" P99.
to elaborate on the message they "must be able to understand it and have some previous knowledge of the subject area" P100.
"Attitudes that are the result of being processed through the central route are stronger in that they are more resistant to change, are persistent, and increase the likelihood of predicting behaviour" P100.
"If there are obstacles in the way for being able to elaborate upon the message they will automatically switch to the Peripheral Route instead" P100.
Peripheral Route
"the Peripheral Route is a default option. Hence, when the message is not really personally relevant, and motivation and ability are low, individuals will automatically make use of the Peripheral Route" P99
if they lack ability to elaborate upon a persuasive advertising message
"Instead of thinking extensively about the message itself, they will make use of the superficial clues (eg. how attractive the source is or the number of arguments used) to determine whether or not they like the advert". P101.
"Factors known to increase persuasiveness of communication when using the peripheral route are: the source, the message and the audience" P101.
Source Factors:
"Who is presenting the information about the product of service" P101.
"Credibility and trustworthiness" P101.
"Experts are generally found to be more credible" P101.
"trustworthiness has also been linked to how likeable individuals are" (eg. celebrities) P101.
"(men are generally more persuasive than women)" P101.
"how similar the person presenting the message is to ourselves" (eg. job, appearance, social status) P101.
"beautiful people are more persuasive" P102.
"people tend to want to please those they find attractive just as they expect attractive people to support opinions they think are desirable" P102.
Message Factors:
"How the persuasive message itself is presented" P102.
"In terms of content it is better to present a two-sided argument rather than just present a biased view" but only when the brand is unfamiliar. P102.
"one-sided argument has been found to work better when consumers are familiar with the products advertised" P103.
"Repetition increased the likelihood of believing that what is advertised is correct" P103.
Audience Factors:
"The receivers initial position [opinion] affects how consumers respond to persuasive advertising messages" P103
"Those with high or low self-esteem are less easily persuaded than those with moderate self-esteem! P103.
"Women are also more easily persuaded than men" P103.
Fear
"emphasis upon what may happen if the behaviour in question is not altered, the idea being that advertisements can frighten people into changing their attitudes and hopefully behaviour" P108.
"to create a strong response it is best to use a moderate amount of fear as well a presenting audiences with a solution to the problem that is presented in the ad" P108.
If "consumers think that listening to the message will teach them how to engage in appropriate behaviour, they are likely to carefully elaborate upon the message and in turn change their attitudes" P108.
Social threats in ads make people "more concerned with people being socially excluded" P108.
"the use of social threats can be just as and sometimes more persuasive than physical ones" P108.
Heuristics - subconscious 'rules of thumb' that consumers apply to reduce the effort in decision making. (because of friend? family? experience?)
Brand Loyalty - consumers repeatedly buy brand products (but only if they can see the brand logo - status? fulfilment?)
Consumer Memory - how people receive, store, organize, alter and recover information. (marketing - repetition, pictorial cues)
Perception and Attention - what kind of stimuli a customer notices. (can be linked to previous experiences? Gestalt theories - use of different senses)
Identity and Consumption - things that are bought because people believe they somehow represent who they are. Also, the creation and maintenance of identity.
Attitudes - why people have them, what functions they fill, how they've formed and altered. Also, how media can play a part in the formation and guidance of attitudes.
Advertising Psychology - factors known to influence audiences (vivid imagery, personal relevance, humour, sex, music, fear, shock, facts vs fiction, charity)
Motivation/Target Audience - why consumers choose certain products; Maslow's hierarchy of needs, importance of knowing the audience and positive reinforcement.
Advertising Psychology
"Vivid stimuli are something that 'stands out' from the rest of the advertisements" P97.
"they attract consumers' attention in an automatic and involuntary way" P97.
"Salient stimuli... are context dependant, so they may not 'grab' people's attention in all settings" P98.
"Nonetheless, provided the advertisement stands out from the environment in which it is placed, it can capture consumers' attention involuntarily" P98.
"Examples of salient stimuli may include increase in volume (TV), use of bright irregular shapes, and shift in brightness between two scenes" P98-99.
"Attitudes that are changed as a result of advertising exposure will vary in strength depending on how extensively the information in the ad was processed" P99.
The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) by Petty and Cacioppo (1986)
"The model supports the concept of a dual route perspective whereby one route will generate relatively strong and long-lasting attitude changes (Central Route) while the other generates relatively weak and temporary attitude changes (Peripheral Route)" P99.
"the more a person elaborates upon a message, the more likely they are to be persuaded by the message, provided they like what they hear or see" P99.
"How personally relevant the message generally determines which one of the two routes that will be followed" P99.
Central Route
"the likelihood of using the central route also depends on the consumers' motivation and ability to engage in processing" P99.
"if the message is important, [and personally relevant] should they feel some level of responsibility and whether or not they need to think more extensively about it" P99.
to elaborate on the message they "must be able to understand it and have some previous knowledge of the subject area" P100.
"Attitudes that are the result of being processed through the central route are stronger in that they are more resistant to change, are persistent, and increase the likelihood of predicting behaviour" P100.
"If there are obstacles in the way for being able to elaborate upon the message they will automatically switch to the Peripheral Route instead" P100.
Peripheral Route
"the Peripheral Route is a default option. Hence, when the message is not really personally relevant, and motivation and ability are low, individuals will automatically make use of the Peripheral Route" P99
if they lack ability to elaborate upon a persuasive advertising message
"Instead of thinking extensively about the message itself, they will make use of the superficial clues (eg. how attractive the source is or the number of arguments used) to determine whether or not they like the advert". P101.
"Factors known to increase persuasiveness of communication when using the peripheral route are: the source, the message and the audience" P101.
Source Factors:
"Who is presenting the information about the product of service" P101.
"Credibility and trustworthiness" P101.
"Experts are generally found to be more credible" P101.
"trustworthiness has also been linked to how likeable individuals are" (eg. celebrities) P101.
"(men are generally more persuasive than women)" P101.
"how similar the person presenting the message is to ourselves" (eg. job, appearance, social status) P101.
"beautiful people are more persuasive" P102.
"people tend to want to please those they find attractive just as they expect attractive people to support opinions they think are desirable" P102.
Message Factors:
"How the persuasive message itself is presented" P102.
"In terms of content it is better to present a two-sided argument rather than just present a biased view" but only when the brand is unfamiliar. P102.
"one-sided argument has been found to work better when consumers are familiar with the products advertised" P103.
"Repetition increased the likelihood of believing that what is advertised is correct" P103.
Audience Factors:
"The receivers initial position [opinion] affects how consumers respond to persuasive advertising messages" P103
"Those with high or low self-esteem are less easily persuaded than those with moderate self-esteem! P103.
"Women are also more easily persuaded than men" P103.
Fear
"emphasis upon what may happen if the behaviour in question is not altered, the idea being that advertisements can frighten people into changing their attitudes and hopefully behaviour" P108.
"to create a strong response it is best to use a moderate amount of fear as well a presenting audiences with a solution to the problem that is presented in the ad" P108.
If "consumers think that listening to the message will teach them how to engage in appropriate behaviour, they are likely to carefully elaborate upon the message and in turn change their attitudes" P108.
Social threats in ads make people "more concerned with people being socially excluded" P108.
"the use of social threats can be just as and sometimes more persuasive than physical ones" P108.
Tuesday 23 October 2018
'Clean New World' by Maud Lavin [Book]
Graphic Design is a "hard-working service field, a field that sees itself more occupied with translating speech into visual language than speaking" P2.
"Here was someone who had tremendous power to communicate visually and no power whatsoever to influence the content." P3
"Our culture is dominated by the visual, so mass-distribution image makers influence what political issues we as a society discuss - why we talk about crime, for instance, and not over-population" P5.
"...separate the intention of the designers from the reception of the audience and grant that advertising is not necessarily received in the spirit it is pitched" P73.
Michael Schudson - "advertising fails to persuade the American public. Instead, he claims, advertisers merely follow and encourage existing buying trends." P73.
About the Internet
'"Persona," in a Jungian sense, is the personality an individual presents to the world, a set of attitudes adopted by an individual to fit himself or herself for a social role or roles." P170.
"every social person is a collection of roles" P170.
"Even in Jung's schematic thinking, the persona is described as a kind of "compromise between an individual and society as to what a man should appear to be."" P170.
"Here was someone who had tremendous power to communicate visually and no power whatsoever to influence the content." P3
"Our culture is dominated by the visual, so mass-distribution image makers influence what political issues we as a society discuss - why we talk about crime, for instance, and not over-population" P5.
"...separate the intention of the designers from the reception of the audience and grant that advertising is not necessarily received in the spirit it is pitched" P73.
Michael Schudson - "advertising fails to persuade the American public. Instead, he claims, advertisers merely follow and encourage existing buying trends." P73.
About the Internet
'"Persona," in a Jungian sense, is the personality an individual presents to the world, a set of attitudes adopted by an individual to fit himself or herself for a social role or roles." P170.
"every social person is a collection of roles" P170.
"Even in Jung's schematic thinking, the persona is described as a kind of "compromise between an individual and society as to what a man should appear to be."" P170.
Saturday 20 October 2018
'Hope to Nope' by the Design Museum [Book]
"utilised by the marginalised and powerful alike, type and image give shape to political messages across the globe" Page 7.
"never before has graphic design been more critical in giving us all a political vote" Page 7.
"politics since 2008 is dominated by new technology, which has opened up new ways to connect individuals and causes, to harvest and filter data, identify patterns, predict preferences and shape political strategies" Page 7.
Obama's Hope Poster
"helped mobilise a grass-roots movement" Page 8.
by 2016 "the power of the printed political poster had long been overwhelmed by viral images" P9.
"Both of Obama's campaign made technology integral to strategy, generating unheralded level of online advocacy" P9.
Hillary + Britain Remain
"Neither campaign succeeded, with many voters placing trust in candidates and movements that instead employed the unmediated graphic design of the everyday" P9.
"Graphic Design is essential to building identity and legitimising power" P21.
Shepard Fairey - Designer of Obama's Hope Poster
"Most political imagery for mainstream candidates exists in a very safe and predictable zone, which tends to be more about avoiding controversy than inspiring change" P118.
"I felt I could implicitly portray Obama as established enough to be worthy of an idealised portrait, almost like a two-dimensional statue - patriotic and American rather than being of any specific race." P119.
"never before has graphic design been more critical in giving us all a political vote" Page 7.
"politics since 2008 is dominated by new technology, which has opened up new ways to connect individuals and causes, to harvest and filter data, identify patterns, predict preferences and shape political strategies" Page 7.
Obama's Hope Poster
"helped mobilise a grass-roots movement" Page 8.
by 2016 "the power of the printed political poster had long been overwhelmed by viral images" P9.
"Both of Obama's campaign made technology integral to strategy, generating unheralded level of online advocacy" P9.
Hillary + Britain Remain
"Neither campaign succeeded, with many voters placing trust in candidates and movements that instead employed the unmediated graphic design of the everyday" P9.
"Graphic Design is essential to building identity and legitimising power" P21.
Shepard Fairey - Designer of Obama's Hope Poster
"Most political imagery for mainstream candidates exists in a very safe and predictable zone, which tends to be more about avoiding controversy than inspiring change" P118.
"I felt I could implicitly portray Obama as established enough to be worthy of an idealised portrait, almost like a two-dimensional statue - patriotic and American rather than being of any specific race." P119.
Thursday 18 October 2018
Initial Essay Question Ideas and Initial Research
Theories I'm interested in:
Psychology and Psychoanalysis - human behaviours + motivations, explore how and why people react to certain visual stimuli.
Marxist Criticism - how certain aspects of mass-communication are constructed in such a way that enables power and social organisation under capitalism.
Psychology in Graphic Design - how it creates power? BRAND power? POLITICAL power?
Essay question could be something along the lines of:
Exploring why and how certain visual stimuli enhance the power of individuals in the eyes of the consumer/audience?
Power in Politics (could look at): Clinton vs Trump Campaigns, Brexit vs Remain, Putin, Hitler, North Korea, Historic Propaganda.
Steven Heller (YouTube Video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7A1BgqArlL0
"typographic styles are indicators of certain types of culture"
"graphic design to the average person is that thing that they pass everyday and they, you know, they'll acknowledge the thing its saying but they wont acknowledge the form that its said in"
"we're all influenced by what's around us and we're even more influenced when somebody is pulling strings and manipulating us"
"as designers we make marks, one of the most horrific yet enigmatic marks is the swastika. The Nazis used it. Hitler claimed credit for it, but it has a long history"
"it's a question about the symbols ability to be reclaimed and changed into its original form"
Clinton vs. Trump
Michael Bierut - Dezeen Website https://www.dezeen.com/2017/03/30/michael-bierut-pentagram-hillary-clinton-us-presidential-campaign-logo-design-concerns/
"Had trump won not in spite of his terrible design work, but because of it?"
Trump's "bad typography, amateurish design, haphazard, inconsistent, downright ugly communications"
"...everything was topped off with nothing more than a red hat with a badly kerned, caps-locked slogan"
Michael Moore - "more people in the Midwestern states that swung the election care more about baseball hats than graphic design"
The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/mar/28/posters-protest-artworks-hope-to-nope-pink-pussyhat
Clinton "It reeked of the establishment, exuding the still corporate feel of a bank, while the jarring symbolism of a red arrow pointing right wasn't lost on liberal critics"
Trump "amateurish muddle, with inconsistent typography and homespun posters, his bullish brand crowned by a red baseball cap adorned with a slogan written in default Time New Roman caps lock"
"the Trump campaign spent more on caps than polling"
"the hat worked because it was the basic merchandise of the downhome everyman, pitched against the neatly crafted badges of the Clinton machine"
Psychology of Graphic Design - Digital Arts Online https://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/features/graphic-design/psychology-of-design-explained/
"Gestalt theories explain how people tend to organise visual elements into groups, and how the whole is often greater than its parts. Their application takes advantage of how the brain self-organises information in a manner that's orderly, regular, symmetrical and simple"
"Used in a logo, the Gestalt principle makes it more interesting, more visually arresting - and therefore the message more memorable"
Simon Norris - "Psychology is the science of behaviour and the mind. When design and behaviour match, the design will be superior."
Brexit https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/mar/28/posters-protest-artworks-hope-to-nope-pink-pussyhat
"[Remain's] crisp graphic lettering...is juxtaposed with Pro-Brexit Wetherspoon beermats"
"Pro-remain posters...spoke only to those already sympathetic to the cause"
Hope to Nope https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/mar/28/posters-protest-artworks-hope-to-nope-pink-pussyhat
Margaret Cabbage "the last decade has seen a dramatic shift in how political visual material is produced and disseminated"
Psychology and Psychoanalysis - human behaviours + motivations, explore how and why people react to certain visual stimuli.
Marxist Criticism - how certain aspects of mass-communication are constructed in such a way that enables power and social organisation under capitalism.
Psychology in Graphic Design - how it creates power? BRAND power? POLITICAL power?
Essay question could be something along the lines of:
Exploring why and how certain visual stimuli enhance the power of individuals in the eyes of the consumer/audience?
Power in Politics (could look at): Clinton vs Trump Campaigns, Brexit vs Remain, Putin, Hitler, North Korea, Historic Propaganda.
Steven Heller (YouTube Video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7A1BgqArlL0
"typographic styles are indicators of certain types of culture"
"graphic design to the average person is that thing that they pass everyday and they, you know, they'll acknowledge the thing its saying but they wont acknowledge the form that its said in"
"we're all influenced by what's around us and we're even more influenced when somebody is pulling strings and manipulating us"
"as designers we make marks, one of the most horrific yet enigmatic marks is the swastika. The Nazis used it. Hitler claimed credit for it, but it has a long history"
"it's a question about the symbols ability to be reclaimed and changed into its original form"
Clinton vs. Trump
Michael Bierut - Dezeen Website https://www.dezeen.com/2017/03/30/michael-bierut-pentagram-hillary-clinton-us-presidential-campaign-logo-design-concerns/
"Had trump won not in spite of his terrible design work, but because of it?"
Trump's "bad typography, amateurish design, haphazard, inconsistent, downright ugly communications"
"...everything was topped off with nothing more than a red hat with a badly kerned, caps-locked slogan"
Michael Moore - "more people in the Midwestern states that swung the election care more about baseball hats than graphic design"
The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/mar/28/posters-protest-artworks-hope-to-nope-pink-pussyhat
Clinton "It reeked of the establishment, exuding the still corporate feel of a bank, while the jarring symbolism of a red arrow pointing right wasn't lost on liberal critics"
Trump "amateurish muddle, with inconsistent typography and homespun posters, his bullish brand crowned by a red baseball cap adorned with a slogan written in default Time New Roman caps lock"
"the Trump campaign spent more on caps than polling"
"the hat worked because it was the basic merchandise of the downhome everyman, pitched against the neatly crafted badges of the Clinton machine"
Psychology of Graphic Design - Digital Arts Online https://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/features/graphic-design/psychology-of-design-explained/
"Gestalt theories explain how people tend to organise visual elements into groups, and how the whole is often greater than its parts. Their application takes advantage of how the brain self-organises information in a manner that's orderly, regular, symmetrical and simple"
"Used in a logo, the Gestalt principle makes it more interesting, more visually arresting - and therefore the message more memorable"
Simon Norris - "Psychology is the science of behaviour and the mind. When design and behaviour match, the design will be superior."
Brexit https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/mar/28/posters-protest-artworks-hope-to-nope-pink-pussyhat
"[Remain's] crisp graphic lettering...is juxtaposed with Pro-Brexit Wetherspoon beermats"
"Pro-remain posters...spoke only to those already sympathetic to the cause"
Hope to Nope https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/mar/28/posters-protest-artworks-hope-to-nope-pink-pussyhat
Margaret Cabbage "the last decade has seen a dramatic shift in how political visual material is produced and disseminated"
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)